Essay on New Orleans Levees - 1765 Words

For years now the discussions have arose about the levee systems in America and how some are not safe and need to be replaced. This problem has been focused on the levee system in New Orleans. Many engineers and other people have asked the question whether or not the present levee system in New Orleans could withstand a huge wave or a direct hit from a powerful hurricane. These questions were answered when Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans as a Category 3 hurricane which isnt even the most powerful. After the hurricane hit the levee system failed and there were many breaches in the system, which lead to the flooding of most of the city. My question is what could have been done to stop this disaster from happening and what now can be†¦show more content†¦Back in the 1800s there were severe floods in New Orleans that displaced their residents more than one. The floods occurred in 1816, 1823, and 1849. The levees back then were roughly in the same places that the levees are during Katrina. During the 1849 flood, many residents homes were flooded for up to 40 days (Colten 3). In the same article, Colten also says, that almost 2,000 homes and 12,000 residents were the ones displaced. In response to this flood, like others before and after, officials raised the levee height and thereby encouraged additional urbanization on the floodplain (Colten 3). So obviously over the years New Orleans has not learned and the tradegy will just keep happening. It has happened countless times and still I cant stress it enough of how much New Orleans hasnt learned by their mistakes. This is not opinion this is fact, it is written fact that the same problem keeps occurring at the same place, the same way but different time after time. In 1915, another major hurricane hit New Orleans and over two meters of water was stuck in the bowl levees built around the city. This huge mass of water overwhelmed the NEW city pumps and contributed to the damage of around 20,0 00 buildings (Colten 3). And again in 1947 a major hurricane hit New Orleans again and flooded fairly new Jefferson Parish, and after the storm the flood water didnt go back down again it pooled in the bowl ofShow MoreRelatedHurricane Katrin Disasters And Disasters909 Words   |  4 PagesAlabama were displaced from their homes, and experts estimate that Katrina caused more than $100 billion in damage. History.com Staff (2009). The aftermath was even worse as the levees were damaged causing increased flooding and additional damage. In preparation for the hurricane, the first ever mandatory evacuation of New Orleans was ordered. Damage Caused by Hurricane Katrina The hurricane formed over the Bahamas and gained strength in the Gulf of Mexico. It affected the states along the gulf, fromRead MoreHealth Hazards : A Structural Model Of Health Behavior1445 Words   |  6 Pagesof health disparities are varied but include socioeconomic factors, language barriers, perceived personal risk, distrust, lack of preparation, and incorrect information. One of the most extreme examples of this was following Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans. Before the storm, parts of the city were already economically disadvantaged; these neighborhoods being primarily inhabited by minorities. After the storm these neighborhoods, particularly the ninth ward were destroyed, leaving many people deadRead MoreEssay on The Cause of the Devastation of Hurricane Katrina927 Words   |  4 PagesThe historical event of Hurricane Katrina, a category three hurricane with winds ranging from 111-130 mph, in August 2005 revealed major structural failures in the levee systems of New Orleans. Though not all structural failures are as catastrophic, the breeched levees led to loss of life, homes, businesses, highways, and left a trail of destruction that is still being repaired today. The result of this failure led to lawsuits, conspiracy theories, and court cases. Hurricane Katrina had a majorRead MoreHurricane Devastation Of The United States1034 Words   |  5 Pagesdeadliest hurricane to ever hit the nation. It was one of the strongest to hit the coast in the last 100 years. Katrina caused as widespread of devastation along the Gulf Coast states and cities such as Mobile, AL, Gulfport, MS and the worst being New Orleans, LA. Although many people were prepared for the hurricane, no one would imagine the damage it would cause and the many lives it would take. Katrina started off as a tropical depression over the Bahamas on August 23rd and by the 25th it had madeRead MoreHurricane Devastation Of Hurricane Katrina1355 Words   |  6 PagesBefore the storm and flooding New Orleans was at specific danger. In spite of the fact that about a large portion of the city really lies above ocean level, its normal height is around six feet underneath ocean level–and it is totally encompassed by water (History.com, 2005). Throughout the span of the twentieth century, the Army Corps of Engineers had manufactured an arrangement of levees and seawalls to keep the city from flooding (Hurricane fact.com, 2005). The levees along the Mississippi RiverRead MoreThe Storm Surge Of The Hurricane1487 Words   |  6 Pagesthe governor of Mississippi, Haley Barbour, both declared a state of emergency in their states. Even though there were announcements, not everyone evacuated. Later, Ray Nagin, announced the first-ever mandatory evacuation, so that the citizens of New Orleans would be prepared for whatever was coming their way (Ouellette 26). According to an article called â€Å"Chapter Five: Lessons Learned†, in the year of 2005, the central government lea rned 17 main ideas about being prepared because of Hurricane KatrinaRead MoreHurricane Katrin Hurricane Devastation1291 Words   |  6 Pagesinfrastructure and physical characteristics of cities like New Orleans experience a much greater impact than would normally be expected with a category three hurricane. 1,833 people were killed, the majority of whom were in Louisiana (CNN Library). The total damage to property, buildings, infrastructure, etc. was $108 billion, the most damage ever incurred by a hurricane in the United States (CNN Library). Seventy percent of all occupied housing in New Orleans were destroyed and hundreds of thousands were displacedRead MoreThe Response Of Hurricane Katrina1625 Words   |  7 PagesDuring times of extreme poverty and inequality more attention is provided to those in hardship. A prime example of this is New Orleans when Hurricane Katrina hit. Before the hurricane hit the only time I had hear of New Orleans was if someone was speaking about doin g down to Mardi Gras. The people affected by the hurricane lost a lot. Many lost their homes, tangible possessions stored in their homes, animals, and some lost their lives. Hurricane Katrina was a huge devastation to the country, butRead MoreThe Un Natural Disaster Of Hurricane Katrina1037 Words   |  5 Pagesin New Orleans. Hurricane Katrina is infamous: the storm that buried the vibrant city of New Orleans under up to sixteen feet of water. Hurricane Katrina was a natural disaster, but the crimes committed against the storm’s survivors in the months prior, setting them up for devastation, were the true tragedies. Not only were the citizens of the Big Easy neglected pre-Katrina, but they remained on the back burner of the federal government for days after the storm hit. Citizens of New Orleans - whoRead MoreThe Levees Broke858 Words   |  4 PagesWhen the Levees Broke is about Katrina and how New Orleans was affected, but not only by the storm, but by the levees that were built to protect them. After the storm had hit and they were picking up what little pieces were left of New Orleans, it became know that even the levees that were possibly built for a level three storm broke down from a level one storm. New Orleans was told to be ready for the storm, but they weren’t even close. The im ages shown in the documentary only showed the half of

Genesis, the Gospel, and Theistic Evolution Essay

Genesis, the Gospel, and Theistic Evolution Introduction Humans have asked questions about their origin and their purpose on earth for eons. The Bible tells humans that God created them and explains their purpose. However, since the Renaissance, humanism answers questions about origins by naturalistic means and science has been redefined in the process. Most institutions of higher education and many individuals have adopted the naturalistic theory of evolution to explain human origin without considering its effects on faith. In contrast to prevailing thought at Goshen College, a literal six-day creation is foundational to the Gospel message. Combining evolution and Christianity makes one’s faith less logical and opens one’s†¦show more content†¦Some theistic evolutionists prefer to be called evolutionary creationists. Most of the following arguments against theistic evolution could also be applied to any combination of Christianity and macroevolution (i.e. bacteria to human evolution), irregardless of its label . Naturalism or Christianity as a Foundation for a System of Ethics Theistic evolution meshes two worldviews, naturalism and Christianity, and each worldview lays a foundation for a system of ethics and morality. Let us first examine more closely the foundation laid by naturalism. Naturalism deifies chance. Random chance is responsible for life as we know it. In The Beak of the Finch, evolutionist Jonathan Weiner writes, â€Å"Natural selection leads to evolution.† He further explains that for natural selection to occur, the organisms most suited to their environment will survive (1995, p. 128). The best adapted organisms are more likely to pass on their genetic information while the less well adapted lose out in the great battle of life. Such a view of origins establishes by extrapolation a moral and ethical foundation. If humans are only products of chance evolution, they will naturally follow the instincts that have been ingrained in them for millions of years. They will pass on their genetic information to as many offs pring as possible. Because they have gained great intelligence andShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Science And Christian Belief1345 Words   |  6 Pagesoverstepped, there are claims of theistic evolution that offer a logical argument to a personal creation by the Living God. Arguments that God could take inert objects, add a dash of mutation, conceptualize and implement natural selection, and allow this to take course in His time all have the potential to be correct as stand-alones. Diane Bissen is a renowned biologist and theologian; therefore she is as capable as anyone combining these fields into the idea of theistic evolution. In digesting her ratherRead MorePaper 2 - the Rise of Fundamentalism1726 Words   |  7 PagesFUNDAMENTALISM -------------------------------------------------------------------- THE CHRISTIAN REACTION TO DARWINISM AND OTHER SCIENTIFIC THEORIES— THE RISE OF HIGHER CRITICISM OF THE BIBLE-------------------------------------------------- THE SOCIAL GOSPEL--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- THE FUNDAMENTALS------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- THE SCOPES TRIAL---------------------------------------Read MoreThe Debate Between Creation And Evolution2145 Words   |  9 PagesThe debate between creation and evolution has been around for a long time. For much of it, it has presented a choice between the two. Some claim that you either believe in God or evolution, not both. Others, that you have to choose young earth creationism simply because theistic evolution is not a viable option. Still more present young earth creationism as a naive understanding of both the Bible and science. However, since each position has evidence in support of it and against it, it is in no wayRead MoreThe Problem Of Suffering Is Not Limited1462 Words   |  6 Pagesinterdependency among creatures that are inherent in the cosmos. Superstring theory, one of the most recent theories in physics, suggests that the microscopic landscape is â€Å"suffused with tiny strings whose vibrational patterns orchestrate the evolution of the cosmos.† Keller sees that what we learn from this theory is at base the rhythmical movements in the microscopic level of the cosmos. Chaos theory, on the other hand, engages with the certain physical systems, which are extremelyRead MoreA Debate On Gods Revelation Of God1984 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"We must as Gods people stand against the compromise of reinterpreting Genesis to fit in evolution and millions of years, which undermines biblical authority.† Ultimately, what’s at stake in this debate is more than just a magic number of years. This debate’s significance centers on God’s revelation of Himself in Scripture and whether Scripture is relevant today or not. This issue has only become a debate in the last couple hundred years. Before the Enlightenment, people in Western cultures acceptedRead More Teaching Origins in 20th Century American Public Schools Essay6390 Words   |  26 Pagestheory. Second, debate was revived by evolutionist educational reforms of the 1960s and is being countered by creationists who are part of the growing fundamentalist movement and by some w ho distance themselves from fundamentalism. Finally, though evolution has been accepted by the scientific world and by national education standards and has won several high-profile court victories in the last two decades, creationists are still effectively exerting pressure on state standards, textbook publishers,Read MoreNaturalism Versus Christianity3872 Words   |  16 Pagesbut without an overarching purpose.† (Sire, 68) The beginning of â€Å"human family is found in nature;† and the beginning of nature is found in the â€Å"origin of the universe.† (Sire, 68) Humans were brought forth from lesser beings as a process called evolution. (Strobel, 27) History, either human or natural, moves in sequences of cause and effects. (Sire, 68) There is no Supernatural being (God) that is active or evident throughout human history; No Prime Mover. (Sire, 68) When mankind ceases to be, soRead MoreIntroduction to Christian Thought Essay9122 Words   |  37 PagesGodâ⠂¬â„¢s names do some scholars think that Jesus is claiming with his â€Å"I am statements†? Jehovah 3. What is the tern â€Å"only begotten† used to describe about Jesus? His unique relationship with the Father 4. Why does the author think that the Gospel of John calls Jesus the â€Å"word†? stated over 1200 times in the old testament the â€Å"Word† is used asa revelation or message from God 5. What would Jews think who heard Christ calling Himself the â€Å"Son of Man†? Messiah The Deity of Christ - Pg

The Impact of Macroeconomic Policies on the Australian Economy

Questions: Question 1Using current economic data and analysing a number of leading, lagging and coincident indicators, determine Australias position on the business cycle. Justify you answer, including any relevant diagrams. Question 2a.) Which monetary policy is more effective in moderating the business cycle, tight or easy? Give reasons for your answers.b.) What is the current monetary policy stance of the RBA? What factors do the RBA take into consideration, before a decision is made as to whether to implement a tight or easy monetary policy?c.) Using AD-AS model, explain how interest rates affect the key macroeconomic variables. Question 3a.) Comment on the recent factors that are affecting the value of the Australian dollar. Use diagrams to illustrate your answer.b.) Who gains and who loses when the Australian dollar depreciates? Justify your answer.c.) In your opinion, is a depreciating $A good or bad for the Australian economy? Justify your answer. Answers: 1. Business cycle can be referred as upward or downward movement of the gross domestic product. Business cycle can be defined in terms of periods of recession or expansion as business cycle represents the long term trend. Business cycle can also be defined in terms of contraction or expansion period of a nation in terms of the fluctuation in the economic activities of a nation. There are several indicators of the business cycle and these are explained as under- GDP growth of Australia: Gross domestic production of the Australia is the gross value of all the goods and services of the Australian economy. Gross domestic production is the most used factor for measuring the economic growth on a country. The below mentioned diagram displays the GDP growth of the Australia for past ten years. Inflation: Inflation is the constant decay in the purchasing power of the money. Inflation can be measured in terms of retail or wholesale, consumer price index. Consumer price index is known as CPI. As the inflation has huge impact over economy, government should take necessary steps to curve the ever increasing inflation rate. The countries which cannot control the inflation rate are bound to face the economic downfall. Generally the inflation rate is on higher side for undeveloped countries. The below mentioned figure displays the rate of inflation in Australia. Unemployment: Unemployment is an important factor for any economy. Unemployment exists when people are ready to work but there is not job for them in the country. Unemployment is an indicator of the performance of an economy. If a country wants to progress and boom its economy, than it has to lower down unemployment rate in the country. Details of employment rate and various factors has been provided in the below mentioned figure. Source: (Rba.gov.au, 2015) Balance of Payments: The two terms relevant for this purpose are current account balance and trade balance. It is important for a country to maintain the current account deficit. The current account balance and the trade deficit are shown in the below mentioned figure. The position of Australia on global business cycle map has been shown in the below figure. It is evident that the Australia is in the phase of expansion. Source: (Economy.com, 2015) 2. (a) If a government wants to moderate the business cycle, it should prepare and implement the effective monetary policy to moderate the business cycle. Monetary policy can be used to control the quantity of money. Thus monetary policy helps in the stabilisation of business cycle as its helps in controlling the rate of inflation and rate of unemployment in the economy. It is the responsibility of the government to decide about effective policy to moderate business cycle. The monetary policy can be expansionary monetary policy or contradictory money policy. The expansionary monetary policy is also known as easy money policy. The expansionary monetary policy is liable for increase in the supply of money and decrease in the interest rate in the economy. The expansionary monetary policy is generally applied in recession cycle. The second policy is known as contractionary or the tight money policy. The contractionary policy is responsible for decrease in the supply of money and the incr ease in the interest rate. The contractionary policy can be used for controlling inflation. It is advised that Australian government should apply tight money policy to moderate the business cycle as the business cycle of Australia is in expansion mode. (b) The monetary policies in Australia are implemented by the Reserve Bank of Australia. An analysis of the growth rate indicates that in Australia the growth rate is on the moderate side and there is an indication of decline in the economy. If a projection of growth rate is made than it is expected that the growth rate may be well below the average rate. The average inflation rate can be predicted as in rage of 2%. The growth rate in the wage rate can also be expected on average side. The investment rate in Australia is on the lower side and the expectations of the investors are on the higher side. The RBA is trying to provide support for the growth of the Australian economy and this has caused an increase in demand. There are severa l factors which RBA considers to support the economy. Some of these factors are present inflation rate, growth rate, exchange rate, capital account. (c) The AD-AS model has been shown in the below mentioned diagram. The X axis represents the national output and the Y axis represents the price level. The demand curve is dependant upon the interest rate. An increase in the interest rate causes a leftward shift of the demand curve and a decline in the interest rate leads to rightward shift in the demand curve. An analysis of the above diagram indicates that when the aggregate demand curve shifts to the left, the inflation rate is lowered as well as there is reduction in the national output in the economy. In the same manner, when there is increase in interest rate, the aggregate demand curve shifts to the right. This causes increase in the inflation rate as well as in the national output (Rba.gov.au, 2015).3. (a) The value of Australian dollar is affected by several factors. Some of these factors are inflation rate, confidence of business, confidence of consumers, economy growth rate, stock market performance, health of housing market. Exchange rate in the economy can be impacted by the positive impact on the economy. Change in economy by in line with change with exchange rate is presented in the below mentioned figure. It is clear from above mentioned diagram that when there is increase in the demand for Australian dollar, the demand curve moves upward and due to this reason the exchange rate appreciates and there is increase in equilibrium quantity of the Australian dollar. On the other side, when there is decline in the demand for the currency, there is a downward trend in the demand curve and this causes depreciation in the exchange rate and a fall in the equilibrium quantity. The above mentioned diagram displays that when there is increase in supply (S1), there is decline in the exchange rate and this causes increase in equilibrium quantity. In the same way when there is decline in the supply (S2), this causes increase in the exchange rate and reduction in equilibrium quantity.(b) The event of decline of the Australian dollar falls below the Equilibrium exchange rate (E*), in an indication that there is depreciation in the exchange rate of the Australian dollar. When the Australian currency declines, the foreign importers gain from such situation and the country itself loses. Thus the countries which imports goods and services from other countries will now have to pay less for the imported goods and services and thus these will be benefited but the exporting country will be under loss. (c) The value of the Australian dollar will fall against other currencies, when there is depreciation in the Australian dollar. The decline of Australian dollar will be hav ing several impacts over the economy. The decline of Australian dollar will increase the inflation in the country. The inflation will increase because the cost of goods and services imported will increase. On the other side it is true that the decline in the Australian dollar will cause development of export industry in the country. However this will cause a decline in the import demand. The inflation will cause an increase in the wage rate. However if government can implement effective policies, lower the interest rate and develop the export sector, than the decline in the Australian currency can also be beneficial to the country. References Farleigh, R., 2013. Taming the Lion: 100 Secret Strategies for Investing. Harriman House Limited. Jason, Z., 2011. Corporate governance and alternative performance measures: evidence from Australian firms. Australian Journal of Management, 36(3), pp.371386. McLean, I.W., 2012. Why Australia Prospered: The Shifting Sources of Economic Growth: The Shifting Sources of Economic Growth. Princeton University Press. Mutunga, J., 2014. Developing and understanding of Australias economy over the last two years. GRIN Verlag. Steve, R., 2013. A comparison of two economies UAE and Australia. GRIN Verlag. Wiggin, A., 2012. The Little Book of the Shrinking Dollar: What You Can Do to Protect Your Money Now. John Wiley Sons.